Install MongoDB with PHP on Fedora

MongoDB is an open-source database used by companies of all sizes, across all industries and for a wide variety of applications. It is an agile database that allows schemas to change quickly as applications evolve, while still providing the functionality developers expect from traditional databases, such as secondary indexes, a full query language and strict consistency.

This tutorial looks into how to install latest MongoDB with PHP on Fedora.

Create a /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb.repo file:

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb.repo

If you are running a 64-bit system, use the following configuration:

[mongodb]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/redhat/os/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

else for 32-bit system, use:

[mongodb]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/redhat/os/i686/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

To install the latest stable version of MongoDB, issue the following command:

yum install -y mongodb-org

Install php,mongo driver:

pecl install mongo

create a mongo (php) ini

vi /etc/php.d/mongo.ini

And include the driver:

extension=mongo.so

Enable mongod on startup

systemctl enable mongod

start mongod:

service mongod start

Open mongo client to test.

mongo

create database test:

use test

Lets do an insert:

db.collection1.insert({"name":"desc"})

And lets do an query:

db.collection1.find();

Lets proceed with using mongodb in php. Restart php-fpm:

systemctl restart php-fpm.service

We shell create a php script:

<?php
$connection = new Mongo();
$dbname = $connection->selectDB('test');
$collection = $dbname->collection1;
$arr = array(
        'name' => 'MongoDB',
        'desc' => 'MongoDB is a document database.'
);
$collection->insert($arr);
$result = $collection->find();
foreach ($result as $document) {
        echo $document["name"]."\n";
        echo $document["desc"]."\n";
}
?>

You can run above script in web server or just run:

php test_mongo.php

Benchmark redis 2.8.19 with memcache 1.4.22

Having read a few articles on comparing redis with memcache. I decided to benchmark myself.

My setup:
Fedora 21,Nginx 1.6.2,redis 2.8.19,memcache 1.4.22,php-fpm 5.6.4.

My Benchmark script(php)

<?php
    ################# redis ###################################################
    $k=0;
    $t_time=0;
    echo "Benchmark redis : 
";
    $redis = new Redis();
    $redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
    
    $original_string = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';    
    for ($i=0;$i<=10000;$i++){
        $random_string = get_random_string($original_string, 10);
        $random_string2 = get_random_string($original_string, 10);
        $a1[$i]=$random_string;
        $a2[$random_string]=$random_string2;
    }    
    $tstart=timer_start();    
    for ($i=0;$i<=10000;$i++){
        $redis -> set($a1[$i],$a2[$a1[$i]]);        
    }
    $t_time=timer_end($tstart);    
    echo "Total Set time: ".$t_time."
";    
    for ($j=0;$j<10;$j++){
        $tstart=timer_start();        
        for ($i=0;$i<=10000;$i++){            
            $value=$redis -> get($a1[$i]);            
        }
    $t_time=timer_end($tstart);        
    echo "Loop $j (Get) time: ".$t_time."
";
    $k=$k+$t_time;    
    }     
    echo "Total 10 loop Get time $k 
";
    ################# memcache ###################################################
    $k=0;
    $t_time=0;
    echo "
Benchmark memcache : 
";
    $memcache = new Memcache;  
    $memcache->connect('127.0.0.1', 11211) or die ("Cannot connect");  

    $original_string = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';    
    for ($i=0;$i<=10000;$i++){
        $random_string = get_random_string($original_string, 10);
        $random_string2 = get_random_string($original_string, 10);
        $a1[$i]=$random_string;
        $a2[$random_string]=$random_string2;
    }    
    $tstart=timer_start();        
    for ($i=0;$i<=10000;$i++){        
        $memcache->set($a1[$i], $a2[$a1[$i]], false, 20) or die ("Cannot save data");
    }
    $t_time=timer_end($tstart);    
    echo "Total Set time: ".$t_time."
";        
    for ($j=0;$j<10;$j++){    
        $tstart=timer_start();    
        for ($i=0;$i<=10000;$i++){            
            $value = $memcache->get($a1[$i]);              
        }    
        $t_time=timer_end($tstart);
        echo "Loop $j (Get) time: ".$t_time."
";        
        $k=$k+$t_time;    
    } 
    echo "Total 10 loop Get time $k 
";   

function timer_start()   
{   $time = microtime();
    $time = explode(" ", $time);
    $time = $time[1] + $time[0];
    return $time;    
}   
function timer_end($start)
{   $time = microtime();
    $time = explode(" ", $time);
    $time = $time[1] + $time[0];    
    return $time-$start;    
}
   
function get_random_string($valid_chars, $length)
{       
    $random_string = "";    
    $num_valid_chars = strlen($valid_chars);    
    for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++)
    {        
        $random_pick = mt_rand(1, $num_valid_chars);
        $random_char = $valid_chars[$random_pick-1];
        $random_string .= $random_char;
    }
    return $random_string;
}   
?>

Benchmark redis : 
Total Set time: 0.12764096260071
Loop 0 (Get) time: 0.175616979599
Loop 1 (Get) time: 0.18264698982239
Loop 2 (Get) time: 0.13450312614441
Loop 3 (Get) time: 0.1352870464325
Loop 4 (Get) time: 0.13448214530945
Loop 5 (Get) time: 0.13312005996704
Loop 6 (Get) time: 0.15526604652405
Loop 7 (Get) time: 0.40630602836609
Loop 8 (Get) time: 0.13408994674683
Loop 9 (Get) time: 0.13564801216125
Total 10 loop Get time 1.726966381073 

Benchmark memcache : 
Total Set time: 0.14455795288086
Loop 0 (Get) time: 0.12623596191406
Loop 1 (Get) time: 0.13038897514343
Loop 2 (Get) time: 0.1564610004425
Loop 3 (Get) time: 0.11394095420837
Loop 4 (Get) time: 0.11402487754822
Loop 5 (Get) time: 0.11300802230835
Loop 6 (Get) time: 0.11119389533997
Loop 7 (Get) time: 0.1115710735321
Loop 8 (Get) time: 0.11155104637146
Loop 9 (Get) time: 0.19941091537476
Total 10 loop Get time 1.28778672218322

The results shows for simple Set and Get, redis is faster. For SET, redis is faster by 12% For GET, memcache is faster by 25%

For other functions,more extensive tests/benchmarks have to perform on both.

Install phpredis

After installing redis, let further install the php package for apache or nginx.
To download and compile phpredis:

git clone https://github.com/phpredis/phpredis
cd phpredis
phpize
./configure
make && make install

Include the compiled extension to php.ini:

touch /etc/php.d/redis.ini
echo extension=redis.so > /etc/php.d/redis.ini

If you use Apache (httpd), restart by:

systemctl restart httpd.service

If you use nginx, restart it by:

systemctl restart php-fpm.service
systemctl restart nginx.service

Install latest Redis cache

Redis is an open source advanced key-value cache. It is high performance and often compared to memcached.

This post we look into how to install latest Redis cache onto (say) Fedora 21. It is quite simple, and lets start:

Goto http://redis.io/download, and download latest version using wget.

wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-2.8.19.tar.gz

untar/unzip the package

tar -xzvf redis-2.8.19.tar.gz

compile the bundle

cd redis-2.8.19
make

It is good to do a "make test" to test the functionality on your system. For this test you need tcl.

If you don't have tcl, install it by:

yum install tcl

Run make test:

make test

If functionality test passed it will show:

\o/ All tests passed without errors!

Lets install the excutables into /usr/local/bin/.

make install

For Fedora systemctl system, lets create a redis service script.

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/redis.service

[Unit]
Description=Redis persistent key-value database
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis-server /etc/redis.conf --daemonize no
ExecStop=/usr/local/bin/redis-shutdown
User=redis
Group=redis

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Move sample redis.conf to /etc.

cp /root/download/redis-2.8.19/redis.conf /etc/redis.conf

Create redis-shutdown script.

vi /usr/local/bin/redis-shutdown

#!/bin/bash
#
# Wrapper to close properly redis and sentinel
test x"$REDIS_DEBUG" != x && set -x

REDIS_CLI=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli

# Retrieve service name
SERVICE_NAME="$1"
if [ -z "$SERVICE_NAME" ]; then
   SERVICE_NAME=redis
fi

# Get the proper config file based on service name
CONFIG_FILE="/etc/$SERVICE_NAME.conf"

# Use awk to retrieve port from config file
PORT=`awk '/^[[:blank:]]*port/ { print $2 }' $CONFIG_FILE`

# Just in case, use default port
if [ "$SERVICE_NAME" = redis ]; then
    PORT=${PORT:-6379}
else
    PORT=${PORT:-26739}
fi

# shutdown the service properly
$REDIS_CLI -p $PORT SHUTDOWN NOSAVE

Enable and start redis service.

systemctl enable redis.service
systemctl start redis.service

Lets try the redis-cli. Set a key and get a key:

[root@fc21 temp]# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> get key1
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> set key1 value1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get key1
"value1"

Install Nginx (and PHP) server on Fedora

Nginx [engine x] is a free high-perfomance HTTP and reverse proxy server, as well as a mail proxy server, written by Igor Sysoev.

Lets start the installation process:
Stop and disable existing apache.

# systemctl stop httpd.service
# systemctl disable httpd.service 

Install php-fpm

# yum install php-fpm -y

Enable and start php-fpm service:

# systemctl enable php-fpm.service
# systemctl start php-fpm.service

To install Nginx

# yum install nginx -y

Enable and start Nginx service

# systemctl enable nginx.service
# systemctl start nginx.service

Test Nginx

Open up your web browser and navigate to http://localhost/ (example). You will see the default nginx welcome screen.

Configure Nginx

Open the file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf in vi

# vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

Set the worker_processes (No. Of CPU’s in your system you want to utilise). To see the no. Of CPU’s, you can use the command “lscpu”. For default you can set to 1.
worker_processes 1;

Example of working nginx.conf:

# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;
#error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log  notice;
#error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log  info;

pid        /run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    index   index.html index.htm;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    #Change below value to suit your need:
    fastcgi_read_timeout 6000s;

    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        server_name  localhost;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {
        }

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /40x.html
        #
        error_page  404              /404.html;
        location = /40x.html {
        }

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        }

        location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) {
           fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
           if (!-f $document_root$fastcgi_script_name) {
              return 404;
           }

           fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
           fastcgi_index index.php;
           include fastcgi_params;           
        }
    }
}

Save and close the file. Restart Nginx service:

# systemctl restart nginx.service

Test PHP

Create a sample “phpinfo.php” file in the nginx document root folder:

# vi /usr/share/nginx/html/phpinfo.php

Append the lines as shown below:

Save and close the file. Restart Nginx service:

# systemctl restart nginx.service

Navigate to http://localhost/testphp.php (example). It will display all the details about PHP,build,setups.

Monitoring page faults (page out)

Page-outs can be a sign of trouble. When the kernel detects that memory is running low, it attempts to free up memory by paging out. Though this may happen briefly from time to time, if page-outs are plentiful and constant, the kernel can reach a point where it's actually spending more time managing paging activity than running the applications, and system performance suffers. To monitor page-outs in the system, we can use vmstat. Below script display the amount of free memory for page-out. Ideally it should be zero.

#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/vmstat | head -3 | tail -n +3 | awk {'print $8'}

[root@fc21 ~]# pageout
0

Monitoring swap space

To monitor the swap space available in the system, we can use free command. Below script display the swap space available in the system.

[root@fc21 ~]# cat /usr/local/sbin/swap
#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/free | head -3 | tail -n +3 | awk {'print $3'}

[root@fc21 ~]# swap
1648